Public Service Message From The NYC Health Department and the Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD):Properly installed window guards are an important safety measure to prevent children from falling out of open windows. To help prevent the tragedy of a child falling from an open window, make sure window guards are in place and properly installed. Children under the age of five accounts for two-thirds of all falls in New York City, and in 2013, there were six falls from windows that should have had window guards in place, one of which resulted in the death of a child.
Image c/o NYC DOH
“Children are our most valuable resource. They are curious and imaginative, but cannot foresee the risks of falling from an open, unguarded window,” said Health Commissioner Dr. Mary Bassett. “That’s why parents and caregivers need to not only make sure window guards are installed, but also keep beds, chairs, ladders and other climbable objects away from windows.”
“Window guards save lives. If you have a child 10 years old or younger, the law requires window guards to be installed in your apartment,” said HPD Commissioner Vicki Been. “If you need window guards, call your landlord and ask for them. If the landlord doesn’t install them, call 311 and report it. HPD will inspect and issue a violation ordering the landlord to install window guards. If the landlord doesn’t, HPD will step in and install them. Calling 311 is the easiest way to report the problem if the landlord is not responsive, and it could save a child’s life.”
Window guard installation is a shared responsibility for owners and tenants. City law requires the owner of any building with three or more units to properly install approved window guards in an apartment where a child 10 years of age or younger lives or attends child care, and they are recommended in any apartment that children regularly visit.
Building owners must obtain this information from their tenants when a new lease is entered into or when a lease is renewed. They are also required to send every tenant a notification form once a year, so that any new need for a window guard may be reported. Tenants are required to fill out the forms accurately and return them to building management.
The Window Guard Law requires building owners to install window guards in any apartment where the tenant requests them. Although not required in one- or two-family homes, people with young children living in these types of dwellings should consider installing guards in any window not used as an emergency exit.
If a building owner refuses to install window guards, tenants should call 311 or go to 311 Online (www.nyc.gov/311 ) to file a complaint with HPD. Building owners may also call 311 to report tenants who refuse to allow guards to be installed as required by law.
HPD is responsible for enforcing the New York City Housing and Maintenance Code (HMC) which allows the agency to respond to tenant complaints, perform inspections and write violations where appropriate, instructing landlords to correct the conditions that lead to the violations. Owner should comply immediately and certify to HPD that the window guard was installed. If an owner or landlord fails comply with a window guard violation, HPD will install them and bill the landlord for the cost of the work and applicable administrative fees.
If a child 10 years of age or younger lives in your apartment, or if you provide any type of child care services in your apartment, you must:
- Inform the building owner and/or complete the annual notice provided by the landlord.
- Allow the building owner or a representative access to the apartment to install window guards or stopping devices that keep windows from opening more than 4½ inches.
- Never remove window guards or stopping devices once they are installed.
- Never alter or remove any part of a window guard or stopping device.
Approved Window Guards and Proper Installation
Every window guard must have a Health Department approval number on the inside stile and must be appropriate for the window it occupies. Approved guards do not have spaces large enough for a 5-inch object to pass through. Any guard that has more than a 4½-inch space between the bottom bar and the windowsill, or the top bar and the base of the raised window, is not installed properly.
Here are some guidelines you can use to determine whether your approved window guards are properly installed:
- On “double-hung windows,” two L-shaped stops should be screwed into the upper window tracks – one on each side – to keep the bottom window from being opened more than 4½ inches above the top bar of a window guard.
- There should be no opening or space greater than 4½ inches on any window, including double hung, casement or sliders. Approved limiting devices should be installed immediately on any window for which a window guard is unavailable.
- The window guard must be installed securely and be flush mounted to the window frame on both sides with one-way or tamper-proof screws approved by the Health Department.
- A window guard installed in a rotting or loose window frame may fall out. These windows should have limiting devices installed that will prevent the window from opening more than 4½ inches until a window guard can be securely installed in the frame.
Additional recommendations to prevent window falls:
- Carefully check window guards periodically to ensure that they are secure.
- If a window has an air conditioner, it must be permanently installed with one way metal screws. Spaces on either side of the air conditioner that are greater than 4½ inches must be covered by a rigid panel that can withstand 150 lbs. of pressure (instead of accordion panels) and “L” stops must be used to prevent any unguarded space above or below the air conditioner from exceeding 4½ inches.
- Keep children off balconies and terraces if they are not being closely supervised by an adult by locking doors to those areas.
- Never let your child play near elevator shafts or on fire escapes, balconies, terraces or rooftops. Don’t let them play unsupervised in building hallways that have unguarded windows.
- Call 311 to report unguarded hallway windows.
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